Mustard, also known locally as a vegetable head, is a variant of mustard, belonging to the order Brassica, Brassicaceae, Brassica in plant taxonomy. Mustard nutritious, delicious and delicious, with fresh, fragrant, tender, crisp features, making people not tired. Fuling mustard is one of the three famous pickled vegetables in the world and is well-known both at home and abroad. The vegetable head has been cultivated for more than 100 years in Fuling, and is also the main agricultural product for local export earnings, which has high economic benefits.
1 environmental conditions
Choose arable land that is far from industrial and mining enterprises without pollution. The altitude is between 300 and 600m. The optimum temperature for the whole growing process of the head is 7°C～21°C, accumulated temperature 2449.8°C～2485.9°C, sunshine 377.8～409h, rainfall 343.9～355.3mm, relative humidity 73%～89%, soil ph value 6～7 About gray and brown purple soil, red brown purple soil and brown purple soil are preferred. Soil texture is better with sandy loam and loam.
2 nursery
2.1 Sowing period
Usually in the "white dew" before and after 5 ~ 10d, that is about every year in mid-September sowing.
2.2 The choice of varieties
There are more than 40 kinds of mustard varieties, and it is very important to choose disease-resistant, high-yield, and high-quality varieties. At present, there are several varieties such as “No. 1â€, “Yifeng No. 1†and “Yong'an Xiaoyeâ€.
2.3 Seedbed site selection
The seedbed is suitable for soil fertile, flat sandy loam and loam. Site preparation of basal fertilizer, general before sowing every 667 square meters special application of mustard 100kg or soil mixed fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500kg, seedling pod width 1.5 ~ 2m, sulcus width 750px, ditch depth 20 ~ 625px.
2.4 seedbed management
Due to the high temperature and low rainfall during this season, we must pay attention to timely watering and drought relief.
Fertilization at the seedling stage: When the third true leaves are applied, the first time seedlings are applied, and 2,000-2,500 kg of livestock and manure is applied to 4 to 5 kg of urea per 667 square meters. The fifth piece of true leaves was planted with the second time of Miao Fei, and 2,000-2,500kg of livestock and manure was applied to 5-6kg of urea per 667m2.
3 transplanting
3.1 Transplanting time
The general seedling period is 1 month and is transplanted to Daejeon around mid-October.
3.2 Transplanting density
2m open car, row spacing 0.4m, nesting distance 0.33m, planting 4500-5000 litters per 667m2, planting individual plants.
4Fat water management
Mustard in the field growth period is about 115 ~ 130d, is also the period of tumor expansion, the amount of fertilizer required. The principle of fertilization is to apply basic fertilizer and timely fertilizer.
4.1 Base fertilizer
For every 667 square meters, 100kg special fertilizer for mustard mustard is used, nested and covered with fine soil, and the vegetable seedlings are planted on the other side to avoid direct contact between the roots and the fertilizer.
4.2 timely fertilizer
1 to 2 days after transplanting, “fixed root fertilizer†was applied, and 3,000 to 3,500 kg of livestock and manure was used per 667 square meters. 15-20 days after planting, the first top dressing is applied, and 3,000 to 3,500 kg of livestock and manure + 16 kg of urea per 667 square meters. 45 to 50 days after planting, the second top dressing was applied with 4500 to 5000 kg of livestock and manure + 18 kg of urea per 667 square meters. After 80 to 85 days after planting, the third topdressing is applied. Each 667 square meters uses 4000 to 4500 kg of livestock manure + 8 kg of urea.
5 Pest control
Mustard mustard is the most susceptible stage before 5 true leaves. It is the seedbed time. Therefore, the seedbed period is the key period for disease prevention. The main diseases of mustard are: blight, damping-off, brown spot, downy mildew, clubroot disease. The main use of "bactericide" (carbendazim, thiophanate, Jinggangmycin) control. When the first true leaf appeared, the first drug was applied, and then once every one week or so, it was applied one time before transplanting. Care should be taken that spraying should be done on a sunny day and that spraying should be thorough. Insect pests of mustard include locusts, green worms, cocoons, and yellow fleas, and they are mainly controlled by pesticides such as Leko cream, more chlorinated terpenes, and imidacloprid. Insect pests may occur during the whole growing period of mustard, which mainly damages the leaves and stems, affects the photosynthesis, and is also the medium for the spread of viral diseases. Therefore, it must be controlled in time.
6 timely harvest
In the following year, after the “Springâ€, the temperature rose rapidly and the mustard grew rapidly. If harvesting is not timely, the hollow head and bolting will be easily formed, which will seriously affect its quality. Generally, it will be harvested before the “rainwaterâ€, that is, the following year. Harvested around mid-February and harvested at the end of February at the latest.
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