Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. Because iodine is a raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, iodine deficiency can lead to a decrease in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, which are also essential endocrine hormones for human brain development. The human brain has two vigorous stages of development and differentiation at the time of its formation, and it is also the most vulnerable period. The scientific community calls it the critical period of brain development. First, the gestational age is 10 to 18 weeks. This is the proliferation of neuroblasts. , development and differentiation, migration, and the formation of brain tissue; second, three months before birth to two years after birth, that is, the main stage of brain development and maturation. These two stages require more iodine to synthesize sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone to supply brain development. If iodine deficiency results in varying degrees of intellectual impairment, lighter ones will result in the loss of 5 to 10 IQs, and those who are severe will lead to stupidness. The intellectual damage caused by iodine deficiency is irreversible. In addition to iodine deficiency in pregnant women can cause fetal brain development disorders, the fetus after birth can also be manifested as significant mental retardation and mental movement disorders, such as deafness, hemiplegia and short stature and other typical cretinism, severe cases can cause deformity, Preterm birth, miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death.
Therefore, it can be seen that iodine is very important for pregnant women and infants. Pregnant women must go to the hospital to determine the iodine content in urine before pregnancy. If it is insufficient, iodine should be added in time.
Iodine is one of the less abundant elements in the earth's crust. There are at least 130 countries and 1 billion people in the world living in iodine-deficient environments. China has 425 million people living in areas with severe iodine deficiency, accounting for 40% of the country's total population. A slight iodine deficiency has spread to all citizens. The national implementation of national salt iodization is the iodine deficiency situation for the entire nation.
However, iodized salt can only meet the basic iodine requirement of normal people, and the demand for iodine from pregnant women and nursing mothers is increased by 30% to 100% compared with ordinary people. The demand for iodine in pregnant women gradually increases with the extension of pregnancy time and fetal growth and development. Their iodine intake must meet the dual needs of both the fetus and the pregnant woman. In addition, the iodine metabolism of pregnant women is different from non-pregnant women. In recent years, studies have found that after normal pregnancy, the renal clearance rate of iodine increased, that is, pregnant women's kidneys can discharge more iodine and endogenous iodine loss, so prone to iodine malnutrition during pregnancy. International organizations such as WHO recommend that the daily iodine intake of pregnant women should not be less than 200 micrograms.
The iodine nutrition of breast-feeding women is also very important for the brain development of infants and young children, and it is particularly important to remind those who are not breast-feeding to pay attention to the iodine supply during this period. The mammary gland has the ability to concentrate iodine in order to ensure the iodine nutrition of infants and young children, which reflects the mother's congenital protection of infants and is one of the basis for our active promotion of breastfeeding. If breast-feeding women lack iodine nutrition, the initial iodine concentration in the breast can ensure the baby's iodine supply, and the mother may be in an iodine deficiency state. However, as the lack of iodine deficiency prolongs, the iodine content in the milk decreases. Caused by young children and other people, their daily intake of iodine should be greater than the amount of discharge in order to meet the growing demand for iodine in infants and young children gradually increased.
Therefore, relevant experts believe that pregnant women, breast-feeding women, and infants and young children should be the key population in China for the prevention and monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders. Actively promote pregnant women and breast-feeding women to ensure that qualified iodized salt is consumed, and appropriate consumption of natural foods rich in iodine should be appropriate. , Eat kelp, seaweed, fish, shrimp and other iodine-rich seafood.
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