The living conditions required for the growth and development of mushrooms include, in general, moisture, nutrients, temperature, air, light, and pH. 1, nutrition mushrooms is a kind of water saprophytic bacteria, rely on the decomposition of the nutrients in wood to survive. In the sawdust cultivation, some nutrients such as rice bran, wheat bran, sugar and trace elements are added to the culture material, which can make the hyphae develop well and promote the quality and high yield of the mushrooms. 2. The temperature of shiitake mushroom is low-temperature, variable-temperature and solid fungus. The optimum temperature for its spore germination is 22-26°C; the range of mycelium growth is 3-32°C, and the appropriate temperature is 10-28°C; the fruit body development temperature is 5- 25 °C, suitable temperature 12-18 °C. Different varieties of mushrooms, the temperature requirements are also different, such as "7402" varieties in the average temperature of 12-17 °C when the highest mushroom yield. Low temperature and variable temperature stimulation are conducive to the occurrence of fruiting bodies. Under constant temperature conditions, the primordium does not form mushroom buds. 3, moisture mushrooms in different stages of growth and development of moisture and humidity requirements are different. When the mycelium grows, the moisture content of the culture material is 55% and the relative humidity of the air is about 70%; the water content of the fruit development stage is 60%, and the relative humidity of the air is 85-93%. Air mushroom is an aerobic fungus. Hypothermia tends to be senescent in the event of hypoxia. The fruit body will be deformed, and some molds and germs will be easy to grow. 5, the light of shiitake mushrooms in the growth and development process requires appropriate intensity of scattered light, scattered light can promote the development of mycelium and pigment transformation and deposition. During the differentiation of fruit bodies, there is no certain scattered light, and the primordium is not easily formed. In the absence of light, the grown mushrooms have a light color, a thin flesh, and a long handle, which are of poor quality. Of course, too much direct light is harmful. 6, pH (pH) Shiitake suitable for growth in slightly acidic culture materials, the pH range of 3-7, of which 5 is the most appropriate. In the case of sawdust cultivation, the pH of the cultivating block is generally 3.5 to 5, most suitable for about 4. These conditions are all necessary for the growth of shiitake mushrooms, and they are complementary. One-sided emphasis on one aspect and ignoring other conditions is not conducive to the normal growth of shiitake mushrooms.
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